1999

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Alphabetical by the first author's surname 

Note: the authors who wish to have here an English abstract of their short notes, are asked to submit the appropriate text of ca. 100 words (best via e-mail to akozl@geo.uw.edu.pl)

BAKUN-CZUBAROW,  NONNA
Institute of Geological Sciences of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul.Twarda 51/55, 00818 Warszawa, Poland
IRON- AND TITANIUM-RICH ECLOGITES IN WEST SUDETES
Archiwum Mineralogiczne v. 52, no. 1, p. 131-132, 1999
[Short note in Polish]
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BAKUN-CZUBAROW,  NONNA*; GAŁĄZKA-FRIEDMAN, JOLANTA**
*Institute of Geological Sciences of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul.Twarda 51/55, 00818 Warszawa, Poland
**Institute of Physics of the Warsaw Polytechnical University, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland
OXIDATION DEGREE AND STRUCTURAL POSITION OF IRON IN OMPHACITE FROM SUDETIC ECLOGITES - THEIR IMPORTANCE FOR GEOTHERMOMETRY
Archiwum Mineralogiczne v. 52, no. 1, p. 133-134, 1999
[Short note in Polish]
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BARTZ, WOJCIECH; PUZIEWICZ, JACEK
Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Wrocław ul. Cybulskiego 30, 50-205 Wrocław, Poland
ORIENTATION OF QUARTZ C-AXES IN THE QUARTZO-GRAPHITIC SCHISTS OF THE NIEMCZA ZONE AND THE NIEMCZA-KAMIENIEC ZABKOWICKI METAMORPHIC UNIT (LOWER SILESIA, POLAND) AS AN INDICATOR OF METAMORPHISM AND DEFORMATION CONDITIONS
Archiwum Mineralogiczne v. 52, no. 1, p. 113-129, 1999

The quartz c-axes pattern study of the quartzo-graphitic schists from the area of the Niemcza Zone and the Niemcza - Kamieniec Ząbkowicki Metamorphic Unit shows that the schists from Brodziszów were deformed under high temperature conditions whereas all the others were deformed under low temperature conditions. The quartzo-graphitic schists were subjected to heterogeneous deformation. The strain was due to simple shear (top to SSW), flattening and constriction.
Key words: orientation of quartz c-axes, deformation of schists, the Niemcza. Zone, the Niemcza-Kamieniec Ząbkowicki Metamorphic Unit.
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BIAŁOWOLSKA, ANNA
Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the Warsaw University, al. Żwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
DIABASES FROM THE SŁUPIEC REGION (LOWER SILESIA) AND ASSOCIATED HYDROTHERMAL PRODUCTS
Archiwum Mineralogiczne v. 52, no. 1, p. 91-112, 1999

Diabases, which occur in S part of the Nowa Ruda gabbro-diabase massif in the Słupiec region, are differentiated due to their granulometry oscillating from the coarse-grained to the aphanitic ones. They are also differentiated by the chemical composition and the alteration degree of the minerals. The chemical composition of the "aphanitic diabases" points to their crystallisation from the melt depleted in Ca and Mg and enriched in Fe, Ti, H₂O in comparison to the melt which fromed the coarse-grained varieties of the minerals. The alteration of the minerals in the diabases and accompanying gabbros and olivine pyroxenites occurred in the conditions of a low metamorphism and under the influence of the hydrothermal solutions. These solutions carried mainly Na, Ca, Si and Fe. They mobilised numerous elements which were the components of the minerals in both the diabases and the accompanying rocks.The calcium carbonate from these solutions cemented the mylonitised diabases into breccias. Calcite represents the main component of the polymineral veins which cut the diabases. Also quartz and goethite occur in the veins of the thickness of about 1 m.
Key words: Nowa Ruda gabbro-diabase massif, metamorphism, hydrothermal solutions.
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BURDA, JOLANTA; GAWĘDA, ALEKSANDRA
Faculty of Earth Sciences, Silesian University, Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
PETROGENESIS OF MIGMATITES FROM THE UPPER KOŚCIELISKA VALLEY (WESTERN TATRA MOUNTAINS)
Archiwum Mineralogiczne v. 52, no. 2, p. 163-193, 1999

The occurrence of two generations of migmatites has been observed in the upper part of the Kościeliska Valley in Western Tatra Mts. The migmatites of the first generation, which display a tonalite composition of leucosomes, were formed due to metamorphic differentiation at P 7.5-9 kbar and T 700-730°C. These rocks contain minerals unstable in the presence of the silicate melt (staurolite and kyanite). The migmatites of the second generation, the leucosomes of which have a granite composition, contain high-temperature mineral parageneses (andalusite + K-feldspar). They were formed probabły due to the magmatic processes related to the granitoid intrusion of Rohacze, at P-T conditions of 2-4 kbar and 750-780°C.
Key words: migmatites, metamorphic differentiation, granite.
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CHLEBOWSKI, ROMAN; KOWALSKI, WŁODZIMIERZ
Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrology, Warsaw University, Żwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
PETROGRAPHIC AND MINERALOGICAL STUDIES OF CONTEMPORARY SEDIMENTS DEVELOPED ON THE WRECK OF A SHIP ON THE BALTIC SEA BOTTOM
Archiwum Mineralogiczne v. 52, no. 2, p. 141-162, 1999

The aim of this study was to explain the origin of siderite formed in situ in the shallow littoral zone of the Baltic Sea as the cement of sand covering metal and other objects on the wreck of a sunk wooden ship from the end of the 18th century. Two morphological generations of siderite formed: the first with a lamellar and radiate structure and the second, apparently recrystallised, with a granular structure. A geochemical paradox was stated, consisting in that siderite formed in the shallow water zone characterised by generally oxidising conditions. This can be explained by the appearance of a local moderately reducing environment on the wreck. This was a space under the cover of spilled wood tar (birch bark tar) and a sand layer, isolating the wreck and the objects on board from the external oxygen-saturated aqueous medium.
Key words: Baltic Sea, littoral zone, shipwreck, wood tar, siderite.

Granular siderite, SEM image, x 5,000;
fresh (upper insert) and partly oxidised (lower insert) siderite cementing quartz grains, x 20.

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ŁYDKA,  KAZIMIERZ
Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrography of the Warsaw University, al. Żwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
HETEROGENEITY PROBLEMS IN SEDIMENTARY ROCKS OF THE OLDER PALAEOZOIC AND PRECAMBRIAN
Archiwum Mineralogiczne v. 52, no. 1, p. 137-138, 1999
[Short note in Polish]
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PAWLIKOWSKI, MACIEJ  
Laboratory of Biomineralogy, Institute of Mineralogy, Petrography and Geochemistry University of Mining and Metallurgy, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF DISSOLUTION OF SUBSTANCES MINERALISING HUMAN ARTERIES
Archiwum Mineralogiczne v. 52, no. 2, p. 195-210, 1999

The presented investigations were undertaken to estimate the possibilities of dissolution of substances present in human arteries (phosphates, cholesterol). The study was performed under experimental conditions with the use of artificially produced hydroxyapatite showing mineralogical features resembling strongly those of the natural apatite present in the walls of human arteries. The dissolution of hydroxyapatite was conducted under static and dynamic conditions with the use of solutions of HC1 and KOH as well as solutions of physiological salts. The obtained results showed that hydroxyapatite stabilises pH of solvents to the values ranging between 7.2 and 7.8. This pH stabilisation takes only a few minutes and suggests buffer features of hydroxyapatite complicating the process of dissolution of natural mineralization of blood vessels, called calcification. Cholesterol was dissolved in vitro under dynamic conditions from human aortas largely blocked by organie substances. The ethanol was used as the solvent of cholesterol and fats. The solution after aortas purification was evaporated to crystallise the dissolved substances. Pure artificial crystals of cholesterol were obtained as the result of these experiments.
Key words: mineralisation, human aortas, dissolution of hydroxyapatite and cholesterol.

Left: hydroxyapatite crystals in human artery, man 69 years old, SEM image;
Right: cholesterol and fat clusters in human artery, man 67 years old, x ca. 40.

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PUZIEWICZ, JACEK; MAZUR, STANISŁAW; PAPIEWSKA, CELINA
Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Wrocław, ul. Cybulskiego 30, 50-205 Wrocław, Poland
PETROGRAPHY AND ORIGIN OF TWO-MICA PARAGNEISSES AND AMPHIBOLITES OF THE DOBOSZOWICE METAMORPHIC UNIT (SUDETES, SW POLAND)
Archiwum Mineralogiczne v. 52, no. 1, p. 35-70, 1999

The eastern part of the Doboszowice Metamorphic Unit (Sudetes, SW Poland) consists of two-mica gneisses with subordinate intercalations of mica schists. The gneisses are accompanied by amphibolites and amphibole gneisses. The two-mica gneisses are composed of quartz, homogeneous plagioclase (An_10-13), potassic feldspar, two generations of muscovite, biotite and scarce garnet. The mica schists lack feldspars and, in places, are rich in garnet, staurolite and kyanite. Ferroan pargasitic hornblende, andesine, epidote, and in places garnet are the main minerals of amphibolites. Epidote is obviously younger than the other minerals. The amphibole gneisses are transitional between the two-mica gneisses and amphibolites. Chemical composition and lithological sequence of the rocks occurring in the eastern part of the Doboszowice Metamorphic Unit suggest that pelitic greywackes with subordinate basalts and basaltic tuffs were their protolith. The gneisses of the eastern part of the Doboszowice Metamorphic Unit underwent the clockwise P-T path. The oldest recorded tectonic-metamorphic event D1 began under the pressure of 8-10 kbar and at the temperature of 700-740°C, and terminated under the pressure of 5 kbar and at the temperature of 600-650°C. The D1 deformation was characterized by a top to the E sense of shear. The next tectonic-metamorphic event D2 took place under the almost constant pressure of ca 5 kbar. Temperature decreased from 600-650 to 350°C. The D2 deformation involved a top to the NE shearing along the older foliation. The granitic pluton was syntectonically emplaced and gneissified in the western part of the Doboszowice Metamorphic Unit during the D2 event. The D3 extensional deformation overprinted locally the rocks of the Doboszowice Metamorphic Unit. A top to SW shearing was opposite to the sense of shear during the D2 deformation. The D3 event took place under the conditions similar to those of the final stages of the D2 event.
Key words: paragneiss, metamorphism, P-T path, Sudetes.
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REVERDATTO, VLADIMIR V.; LEPETYUKHA, VLADIMIR V.
Institute of Mineralogy and Petrography, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; Academician Koptyug str., 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
POLYMETAMORPHISM IN THE VICINITY OF DIAMOND-BEARING ROCK MASS IN THE KOKCHETAV MASSIF, NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN
Archiwum Mineralogiczne v. 52, no. l, p. 3-31, 1999

The polymetamorphic, metapelitic and metabasic rocks immediately adjacent to the diamondiferous ultrahigh-pressure terrane in the northeastern part of the Kokchetav massif (northern Kazakhstan) are described. These rocks are considered an upper overthrusted block (complex of crustal slices) of the same lithologies of the Zerenda series that contains diamonds in the lower stratum. Three stages of metamorphism were identified: l) high-pressure regional metamorphism 530 Ma ago, 2) moderate-pressure regional metamorphism 517 Ma ago and 3) low-pressure contact metamorphism adjacent to Paleozoic granite pluton. The magnitude of pressure during the first stage was estimated at no less than 12--15 kbar from mineral assemblages in eclogite; the identification of coesite in metapelitic schists raises this estimate to 25-28 kbar. Metamorphism of the second stage proceeded under the pressure of 5-8 kbar, what was estimated on the basis of hornblende-plagioclase equilibrium in amphibolites. During the third stage, pressure of metamorphism was below 3 kbar what was deduced from the stability of andalusite in hornfelses. Metamorphic rocks of the Zerenda series are characterised by a high degree of deformation, foliation and folding; mineral relics (as inclusions mainly) of preceding metamorphic events were preserved in the rocks during succeeding stages. The origin of this metamorphic complex can be explained within the subduction model including a subsequent fast exhumation.
Key words: Kokchetav massif, Proterozoic-Palaeozoic, eclogite, polymetamorphism.
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REVERDATTO, VLADIMIR V.*;  LEPEZIN, GENNADY G.*; KALININ, ANATOLY S.**
*United Institute of Geology, Geophysics and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Universitetsky pr. 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
**East-Siberian Research Institute of Geology, Geophysics and Minerał Resources, Dekabr'skikh sobytiy str. 29, Irkutsk 664026, Russia
ON THE THERMAL ORIGIN OF ZONING WITHIN THE METAMORPHIC COMPLEX OFTHE TONGULACK MOUNTAIN RANGE, THE ALTAI, RUSSIA
Archiwum Mineralogiczne v. 52, no. l, p. 71-89, 1999

The applicability of the models of basic magmatic intrusion and fluid flow to the explanation of the origin of the metamorphic zoning complex of moderate pressure/high temperature in the Tongulack mountain range, in the Altai, Russia, is discussed. According to geological observations, the Tongulack metamorphic complex was formed at temperature of 500-700°C and at pressure of 3.0-5.5 kbar. Four zones can be distinguished within the zoning: chloritic (on the periphery), cordieritic, sillimanitic and staurolitic-out (in the central or axial part). It is argued that the origin of the Tongulack metamorphic zoning complex's structure can best be explained within the framework of a combined fluid-magmatic model which puts together the magmatic intrusion and fluid flow mechanisms; the role of magmatic intrusion considerably predominates over the fluid flow in the heat transfer. The distance from the axial part of the metamorphic zoning to the roof of an expected basic magmatic intrusive body was predicted: it should be no less than about 1.5 km.
Key words: moderate pressure/high temperature zoning of metamorphism, heat transfer, Tongulack complex, Altai, Russia.
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SMITH, DEANE K.
Department of Geosciences and Materials Research Laborartory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
ON THE NON-CRYSTALLINITY OF OPAL: SCIENTIFIC AND REGULATORY IMPLICATIONS
Archiwum Mineralogiczne v. 52, no. 1, p. 135-136, 1999
[Short note in English]
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SMULIKOWSKI, WITOLD
Institute of Geological Sciences Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland, e-mail: wsmulik@twarda.pan.pl
METABASIC ROCKS OF THE RUDAWY JANOWICKIE AND LASOCKI RANGE -- THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN THE STUDY OF METAMORPHIC EVOLUTION OF THE EAST KARKONOSZE COMPLEX (WEST SUDETES, NE BOHEMIAN MASSIF)
Archiwum Mineralogiczne v. 52, no. 2, p. 211-273, 1999

Highly diversified metabasic rocks called East Karkonosze Complex occur in the Rychory - Lasocki Range - Rudawy Janowickie metamorphic suite in the West Sudetes. In the Polish part of the complex they belong to two formations separated by the dislocation zone: the Leszczyniec Volcanic Formation (LVF) and the Czarnów Schist Formation (CSF). Minerals of metabasites, i.e. plagioclase, amphibole, epidote, chlorite, stiipnomelane, phengite and others show wide variation in composition, which is presented in graphs and tables of electron probe anałyses. Plagioclase of CSF metabasites varies from albite to andesine, exceptionally even anorthite was observed, but in LVF it is only albite. Calcic amphiboles in CSF vary from actinolite to Fe-pargasite and hastingsitic Fe-hornblende, all with relatively low Ti content. In LVF they fall within the range from actinolite to pargasitic Fe-hornblende. In particular two varieties of Mg-hornblende were distinguished with higher and lower Ti contents. In numerous zoned amphibole grains, olive higher-Ti hornblende or almost colourless actinolite constitute the central parts while blue-green lower-Ti hornblende forms the margins. On the basis of mineral compositions, mainly amphiboles, and microstructural relationships, the following three events of regional metamorphism have been distinguished: 1 -- amphibolite facies related to the Early Ordovician sea-floor spreading, 2 -- high P/T metamorphism (glaucophane-schist facies, greenschist facies, epidote-amphibolite facies) of the collisional subduction/obduction regime, followed by 3 -- medium to low P/T greenschist facies metamorphism, both of the Early Variscan time. The last metamorphic event in the complex was 4 -- contact metamorphism (up to amphibolite facies) related to the Late Variscan Karkonosze granite intrusion.
Key words: metabasites, petrography, mineral chemistry, polymetamorphic history, East Karkonosze Complex, Sudetes, NE Bohemian Massif.

Yellow and brown stilpnomelane in quartz-albite aggregate with small prisms of dark grayish-blue subcalcic ferrohornblende,
Leszczyniec Volcanic Formation, one polar.

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SZYMAŃSKI, ANDRZEJ M. 
Chemical Faculty of the Warsaw Polytechnic University, Koszykowa 75, 00-622 Warszawa, Poland
RULES OF THE PRICE DETERMINATION OF THE NATURAL RAW EMERALDS, BASED ON THE EVALUATION SYSTEMS OF THE FACETED STONES
Archiwum Mineralogiczne v. 52, no. 2, p. 275-278, 1999
Short note in Polish.
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